Epic of Gilgamesh Essay - 915 Words

The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of earliest known pieces of literature. Through years of storytelling and translation, The Epic of Gilgamesh became a timeless classic. This story is believed to have originated from Sumerian poems and legends about the king of Uruk, Gilgamesh. Throughout the epic, many themes arose about women, love, and journeys and the one I would like to discuss is the theme of death. Also, I will discuss if Gilgamesh accepts morality at the end of the story and the development of Gilgamesh’s character throughout the story. The story mainly focuses on the character Gilgamesh and this wild man created by the gods, Enkidu in which Gilgamesh and Enkidu later become good friends. Together they go upon quests to defeat†¦show more content†¦But when Enkidu dies while fighting Humbaba, one can tell a change in Gilgamesh’s character. Since Enkidu was his close and only friend, it makes it more visible that everyone is mortal. One may say that, by going into the forest and facing Humbaba, Gilgamesh makes a name for himself and changes the views of the people in his city. The great accomplishment of killing Humbaba makes him a better person because he protects his city and for his love of Enkidu and his people. This is a considerable amount of change from the beginning of the story. There are no major changes in the character of Gilgamesh until Enkidu enters the picture. Enkidu is the primary reason for the ultimate changes in the personality and maturity of Gilgamesh. The main factor contributin g to the changes in Gilgamesh the love that develops with Enkidu. Enkidu is made to make Gilgamesh more human. In the first paragraph of the book the gods are angry with Gilgamesh and send down an equal of himself, they send down Enkidu. After becoming friends, Gilgamesh changes because he has an equal to be with. From Cedar Forest, Gilgamesh is met by Shamash, the Sun God, who tells him, You will never find the life for which you are searching. This upsets Gilgamesh because he has traveled so far for someone to tell him he cannot have what he wants and is looking for. For there, Gilgamesh travels to see Siduri by the sea. Siduri will not let Gilgamesh pass to through to see Utnapishtim, the only man with eternalShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesMany texts, both ancient and modern, explore the possibilities of living forever. The Epic of Gilgamesh is just one of the stories examining this theory. The Gilgamesh tablets discuss many such issues pertinent to much of today’s population: what is the meaning of life? How will I be remembered? This age old topic is explored through many popular mediums today such as graphic novels and in the film industry. Additionally the immortal question is further studied in some scientific industries, toRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh . Mesopotamia, current day Iraq, derived its name from words meaning, the land between the rivers, which refers to the Tigris and Euphrates. This land was inhabited during the fourth millennium B.C.E. and throughout time transcended into political and military organizations. The significance of these cultures revolved around important warrior figures and their impact on society. The most important figure that will be discussed is the protagonist from The Epic of GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh has many important female characters, and from them we can learn how females were viewed in ancient Sumerian society. The women are not typecast with simply one personality and role but instead are shown with many facets. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, women are shown as essential beings who can be either loving and nurturing or incredibly powerful and scary. Ways to combat mortality is a main motive for Gilgamesh and he could do it simply through his children as most men do withRead MoreEssay on Epic of Gilgamesh971 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Gilgamesh Type: Epic Author: Anonymous Theme: The central idea of Gilgamesh was the greed that he had to receive eternal life. Gilgamesh was a selfish person who was half god and half man and wanted to keep his youth after seeing Enkidu die. Gilgamesh knew his destiny was not to receive eternal life because he was half man. He decided to go against the odds to fight against not having eternal life searching for the secret despite what the Gods told him. Exposition: The storyRead MoreEssay The Epic of Gilgamesh905 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt and Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, were such rulers. They were powerful and cunning individuals, yet they let their own selfish nature ruin the ability to be a great leader. Gilgamesh was said to be the spawn of a god and a human woman. His handsome features, great strength, and cunning intelligence were supposedly the best in the land. Yet, he did not rule his kingdom with justice. He often took advantage of his citizens for his own personal pleasures. The following quote, â€Å"For Gilgamesh, the KingRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesfantastical places, lies the narrative of a profound friendship between two men. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, an ancient Mesopotamian literary masterpiece, all of its events are centered around the development of the friendship between Gilgamesh, the tyrannical and stubborn king of Uruk, and the man created by the Gods to both complement and challenge his nature: Enkidu. Each of the three dream sequences in the epic represent different stages of Enkidu’s life – one portends his birth, another foretellsRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of G ilgamesh is an epic poem from four thousand years ago, from ancient Mesopotamia. It was written on clay tablets, and even if some part of sentences were not able to be recovered, the tale is understable. It is the oldest Epic found, and still one of the most famous too. While the stories are made of different Gods, cows talking, King with perfect strength, giant monsters, it seems hard to find similarities between the Epic and the 21st century. Yet by reading closely the passage fromRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh embarks upon a quest seeking immortality as a means to peace, meaning, and joy in life. He tries to reach it in many different ways, each as unsuccessful as its predecessor. The two main types of immortality are physical and through the actions or achievements of ones life. Gilgamesh tries first through his actions, but then undergoes a transformation which leads him to next attemp t physical immortality. He eventually comes back toRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many vices and virtues displayed in the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale from ancient Babylon. Its hero, Gilgamesh the king of Uruk, is two-thirds god and one-third man. Throughout the epic, which consists of three stories, the character of Gilgamesh is developed. This is accomplished by changing the vices he possesses at the start of the epic, and replacing them with virtues he receives by its completion. â€Å"A virtue is a quality of righteousness, goodness, or moralRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay991 Words   |  4 Pages The epic of Gilgamesh is a tale that displays multiple didactic messages throughout the course of the story. These morally oriented instructions that shape the epic’s characters are very much applicable to our current lives. Messages like: the importance of perseverance, that drive that pushes you to excel, the down side of sexual passion when not tempered, and how we need to keep our pride under control, not letting it cloud our judgement. These principled themes, among others, are clearl y visible

Analysis of “Behavior Predictors of Language Development...

The scientific study, â€Å"Behavior Predictors of Language Development over Two Years in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders,† conducted by Karen D. Bopp, Pat Mirenda, and Bruno Zumbo was published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. This study was conducted in British Columbia, Canada from data retrieved from a database of another study. The goal of this study was to determine if certain types of behaviors often displayed by autistic children before intervention could be predictors of the language abilities they would develop. There are many factors that contribute to the development of language skills in autistic children, or lack thereof. Still, it is theorized that there are many more factors that influence a†¦show more content†¦In this study, the data following 69 children were used. These children represented many ethnic backgrounds, and living situations with 58 males and 11 females ranging from 1 year, 9 months to 6 years-old. All of the children in this study were diagnosed with autism before the study began and after some length of early intervention (not all of the early intervention programs were the same). Data of the severity of the children’s autism and language skills were initially collected and were then collected again after 6, 12, and 24 months. The data collected was collected by a team of psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and graduate students who conducted interviews. The scores each child received on the language and vocabulary tests served as the dependent variable in this study. These scores came from several tests performed by psychologists including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Expressive One-word Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Preschool Language Scale. The children’s behaviors (the independent variable in this study) were collected through a series of surveys of the children’s parents of primary caregiver. Before the researchers could assign numerical values to these surveys, they first had to decide what behaviors would be included and in which of the five categories. To do this they first looked at the surveys to see which behaviors seemed to beShow MoreRelatedEarly Intervention : Positive And Negative Effects On Child Behavior And Development1592 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, many believed that human development was not prominently altered by differential environmental experiences, particularly for children with developmental disabilities. Overtime however, numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental enrichment or deprivation can respectively have positive and negative effects on child behavior and development (Blacher, Horner, Odom Snell, 2007). Hence, early intervention is beneficial in order to optimize the development outcomes of infants and toddlersRead MoreCase Study : High Level Autistic Disorder2344 Words   |  10 PagesProject Case Study Tommy R. – High Level Autistic Disorder Danielle Treslan PS520: Neuropsychology Prof: Steve Lazarre 06/11/2015 Tommy R. a Case Study and Neurological Assessment Analysis Tommy R. is a 6-year-old boy and a kindergarten student in a K-8 combined elementary and junior high school in the San Jose greater metropolitan area. There has been a meeting requested by his educational team and parents to talk about his behavior in school and cognitive abilities in the classroomRead MoreCase Study of Child with Autism9275 Words   |  38 Pagesincreasingly interested in Autism since I had the opportunity to work alongside kids with Autism this summer. Seeing how their minds worked and how they processed information was astounding to me. Ever since this experience, I have fallen in love with children with Autism and I am always thriving to learn more about them. With this being said, I am looking to do my research on a child with Autism. I will be looking into the question how does Autism affect language development in children? Under this broadRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagesitself, and the general public. The public contended that the payment of taxes and the fulfillment of other civic rights are enough grounds to have the liberty to take back from the society in terms of CSR undertaken by other stakeholders. Some ten year ago, what characterized the Nigerian society was fragrant pollution of the air, of the water and of the environment. Most corporate organizations are concerned about what they can take out of the society, and de-emphasized the need to give back toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesD—Coverage Subtitle E—Financing Subtitle F—Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Subtitle G—Puerto Rico and the Territories Subtitle H—Miscellaneous TITLE VIII—REVENUE-RELATED PROVISIONS TITLE IX—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS DIVISION C—PUBLIC HEALTH AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT TITLE I—COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS TITLE II—WORKFORCE Subtitle A—Primary Care Workforce Subtitle B—Nursing Workforce Subtitle C—Public Health Workforce Subtitle D—Adapting Workforce to Evolving Health System Needs TITLE III—PREVENTION AND WELLNESS

Pros and Cons of Using a Case Study in Research free essay sample

Case studies are bounded as they are reflective of a particular program, event, individual, or activity being studied at a particular place and time. Thus, Merriam (1988) described a case study as â€Å"an examination of a specific phenomena such as a program, an event, a person, a process, an institution, or social group† (p. 9). Over the years, case study research has evolved from its anthropological and sociological origins (Hamel, 1993). Case studies today have embraced a variety of approaches upon which to conduct case study research. According to Yin (1989) quantitative and qualitative inquiry are approaches to conducting case study research. Yet, Merriam (1988) promotes a more general approach to qualitative case studies. When conducting case studies, the type of case must be chosen. Depending on the situation, intrinsic case study-this may be used because of its uniqueness; an instrumental case study- which illustrates a particular issue; or a collective study-which more than one case is considered for exploration (Stake, 1995). Within case studies, purposeful sampling is commonly used as it allows the inquirer to select cases that expose multiple perspectives on the problem, event, individual, or issue they want to present (Creswell, 1998). In presenting the fruits of ethnographic inquiry, the inquirer narrates the story in chronological order of major events followed by a more detailed perspective of other events. In case studies, the exploration of multiple cases is embraced. However, when multiple cases are chosen, according to Creswell (1998) the inquirer must provide a within-case analysis-which details each case within the study; and a cross-case analysis-which is a thematic analysis across all cases within the study. Advantages There are several advantages to utilizing case study methodology as a form of research. One overarching benefit to this way of researching involves imagination and creativity. There are no set ways to go about assessing an individual, a group, or set of individuals or groups. Case study research can involve a mix of qualitative and quantitative measures and it can involve multiple data sources. Typically, case study research uses observations, interviews, and supporting documents to help fully understand and answer a question. In many instances, case study research may be the most effective research tool, depending on the topic area. Yin (1994) points out that case studies are the preferred strategy when â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† questions are posed. As the researcher begins to address a question, case study can often supply them with much more descriptive data. While surveys give a more summative figure of influence (for example, 200 surveys responses), case study research allows for the depth of a question to be explored and more fully understood. Case studies are an effective way of looking at the world around us. People and how they react in certain situations with dynamic and changing variables, and the role of outside factors in the understanding of complex systems and organizations, are better understood by utilizing methods such as case study. In a complex world where events cannot be fully understood with other research methods, case study research is useful to understand contemporary issues when the relevant behavior cannot be manipulated. Disadvantages One of the disadvantages of a case study is the difficulty in applying the findings from one subject to another. A limited number of samples are studied in depth and the results are often assumed to be the representative of the population. There is occasionally reluctance for research consumers to give credence to the results of a case study if the message is disputed due to the limited number of subjects involved. Depending on the scope of the research, the subject studied may not be completely forthcoming with the information they provide the researcher, thus impacting the internal validity of the research. In addition, if the subjects being studied know they are being watched, they may alter their behavior, thereby causing the findings to be flawed. In addition, there may background information on a subject, which is not known as a result; may impact the results of the findings. Additionally, the researcher gives up a certain amount of their control other variables when conducting a case study. Case studies are valuable in the fact they allow detailed research to be conducted on a limited research population. Therefore, this research is very specific and in-depth and contains very detailed written records about a subject. However, this causes the report surrounding the study to become very extensive and often difficult for the reader to digest. The researcher must be cognizant of this and strive to present the material in a fashion that allows it to be deciphered. The researcher uses case study to prove their theory is correct and therefore, may be more likely to use a wide scope to interpret the data. The researcher must be aware to report all of the findings and not just report what they feel is worthwhile and what is not. Case study design is very subjective and, if precautions are not taken, the validity of the interpretation may be called into question. Occasionally, the researcher, while knowing the expected results, may unknowingly guide the subject into confirming those results. This is referred to as the Pygmalion effect. Case studies are qualitative and there is debate that qualitative data is unscientific. In addition, there is question that the researchers are not systematic in the data collection and introduce bias into their findings. Case studies are longitudinal, which means they take place over a long period of time. Therefore, using a case study research design is a time consuming process. Challenges of Case Studies In conducting qualitative case studies, there are many challenges the inquirer should be aware of and strive to keep in mind such as (Creswell, 1998 p. 4); 1) there is no predetermined solution for the inquirer, thus, they must decide their own cases; 2) the inquirer must decide whether the case study will be single or multiple, if multiple, how many? ; 3) the inquirer must decide the rationale for their purposeful sampling strategy; 4) the inquirer must ensure they have collected enough data to present an in-depth description of the case under study (not enough information could limit the study); and 5) the inquirer must decide the boundaries of the case studyas it may or may not be constrained by time, events, and processes (foreseen and unforeseen). Data Analysis Case Study methodology provides the researcher the opportunity to explore a specific phenomenon through a variety of lenses in an authentic context and as a result a variety of facets of the phenomenon will be illuminated and explained. In a case study, multiple data sources are available to the researcher. According to Baxter and Jack in their article entitled, â€Å"Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for the Novice Researchers,† they suggest the following as potential data sources: †¢ Documentation; †¢ Archival records; †¢ Interviews; Physical artifacts; †¢ Direct observations; †¢ Participant observations. Additionally, they point out that a researcher engaged in case study methodology can collect and integrate qualitative survey data in with the data sources mentioned in the above list. This is unique to case study methodology, as compared to the other qualitative methods. The integration of quantitativ e data into the case study methodology creates a holistic understanding of the situation. Another unique characteristic of the case study methodology is the fact that data collection and data analysis can occur concurrently. In the text, Practical Research: Planning and Design by Leedy and Ormrod, they indicate the following steps in data analysis for case study methodology: †¢ Organization of details about the case- arrange the specific â€Å"facts† of the case into a logical order; †¢ Categorization of data- cluster the data into meaningful groups; †¢ Interpretation of single instances- examine data to identify specific meaning to the case; †¢ Identification of patterns- pinpoint overarching themes and patterns in the data; †¢ Synthesis and generalizations- construct an overall portrait of the case. The fact that the data sources are so vast in case study methodology is beneficial to the researcher because there are multiple perspectives helping to promote a thorough understanding of the individual(s), program(s), or event(s) being investigated. However, the vastness of the data can also inhibit the researcher from maintaining a clear focus, and ultimately becoming â€Å"lost† in the data. In order to maintain a clear and focused case study, the data from the multiple sources should be viewed from a â€Å"big picture† perspective and not handled individually. Each data source is one piece of the â€Å"puzzle†, with each piece contributing to the researcher’s understanding of the whole phenomenon. (Baxter Jack, 2008) The data analysis in the case study methodology could be likened to weaving together the variety of data to create a vibrant tapestry that builds a clear understanding of the case under investigation. Composing the Report After the researcher has clearly laid out the purpose of the study, the process in which the data would be collected, and conducted a thorough analysis of the data findings will need to be communicated in a case narrative. The case narrative should be designed to richly and fully report the subject’s perceptions about the phenomenon being investigated. (P. D. Leedy, 2011) According to Leedy, there are five major components that should be included in a case study research report. These components are: (1) a rationale for studying the case, (2) a detailed description of facts related to the case, (3) a description of data that was collected, (4) a discussion of patterns found, and (5) a connection to the larger scheme of things. The structure of the written report is critical and each of these five elements must be clearly distinguishable within the structure of the report. An article written by Pamela Jack and Susan Baxter stated: â€Å"The goal of the report is to describe the study in such a comprehensive manner as to enable the reader to feel as if they had been an active participant in the research and can determine whether or not the study findings could be applied to their own situation. †(Jack, December 2008 ) If the steps for the analysis have been followed accurately then the structure for the written discussion will come naturally. Robert Yin (2003) suggests six methods for reporting a case study. These include: linear, comparative, chronological, theory building, suspense, and unsequenced. Each of these methods could be reviewed before the case study is actually written. Synopsis/Executive Summary An introduction to the case itself provides the rational of why the case was worthy of in-depth study. The introduction in a typical case study includes four elements: general statement; a statement of purpose; a brief description of the case; and a list of sections that will be included in the report. This portion of the report should provide general statements to introduce the reader to the overall topic of the report itself. (Jack, December 2008 ) It should provide a high level synopsis or executive summary for the reader to glance. The statement of purpose tells the reader the broader issue that will be examined by looking at a particular case. The description of the case serves to briefly introduce the actual situation being discussed in the case. Lastly the report should entail the list of sections to let the reader know how the report will be structured and what will be included in the report in an effort to allow for an easy read. After reviewing this portion of the report the reader should be able to get a clear picture of the essential contents of the study. (Jack, December 2008 ) Findings The next section in the report should detail the case facts, a description of the data itself and identify the problems found in the case. Each analysis of a problem should be supported by the facts given together with the relevant theory and core concepts. Here, it is important for the researcher to note the underlying problems for example: cross-departmental conflict may be only a symptom of the underlying problem of inadequate policies and practices within the organization. According to Leedy, this section is often divided into sub-sections, one for each problem. The overall function of this section is to clarify for the reader what the problem actually is. It is important to remember that case studies generally only focus on situational problems in which a course of action should be taken, but for which there is no one correct answer. Patterns and Solutions After the statement of the problem the researcher needs to suggest how the solutions are or should be dealt with. This usually happens in three separate sections. In the first section possible solutions are suggested. This section is usually brief and states only a few possible solutions. After having given your 3 possible solutions, you need to evaluate them. Usually the evaluation is done by listing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. The researcher should note that it is important to remember that these are possible solutions, and need not all be good solutions. In the second section the solutions are evaluated by listing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Lastly in the third section the best solution is selected and followed by a justification of this choice. Justification here means simply saying why you choose this solution, or giving reasons why this was the best choice. (Jack, December 2008 ) Conclusions In the final section of the report it is critical to connect your conclusions and recommendations to the big picture. The main purpose of the conclusions and recommendations section is for the researcher to present their thoughts about the process and any issues surrounding the topic that came up in doing the case study. It is important that the researcher be careful not to confuse this section with an essay conclusion. In an essay conclusion no new information is generally given and the main points are simply restated. (Jack, December 2008 ) In the conclusions or recommendations section of a report however, the specific findings of the report are usually related back to the general issue that was introduced in the introduction. Conclusions can mean either clear answers about the issue, or it can mean simply a statement of observation on the problem (i. e. a characteristic about the problem that you have noticed in doing this case study). Recommendations means suggestions for solutions related to the wider issue. These solutions should be based on the situation studied, but must be related more to the problem in general. This section may include conclusions, recommendations, or a mix of both. The researcher must spend time on-site interacting with the people studied. The report would include lessons learned or patterns found that connect with theories. It is important that the researcher link the co nclusions back to research questions and not be distracted by overwhelming information.

The Punk Rock Music Genre Essay Example For Students

The Punk Rock Music Genre Essay The â€Å"punk rock† genre has been around longer than you may think, and has left influences on many modern genres today. Punk rock has a rich history of spreading throughout the world and eventually assimilated into different sub-genres such as: Proto Punk, Classic Punk, Post punk, Post Punk, etc. The list could go on for ages, but we are only going to focus on a select amount. Punk rock first began showing its roots in the night club scene in New York City in the mid 60s. The first significant band to that is believed to have started the movement is a band called The Velvet Underground. The band was organized by New York artist Andy Warhol, and mostly consisted of noisy guitar riffs, bass guitar, and a drum set made up of garbage cans, This began to form the genre people now call â€Å"proto punk†. Rolling Stone Magazine describes the band as having â€Å"intentional crudity, in their sense of beauty in ugliness, and in their dark and risqu à © lyrics. †(Rolling Stone). This shows what type of behavior punk rockers exercise. This began to set the ideal of Punk Rock saying, â€Å"I’m gonna say what I want and I dont care what you think about it! † The Velvet Underground’s concerts often consisted of crazy lighting, crude language, and a large verbal interaction between the bandmates and the audience, setting the tone for most all punk rock shows today. Another Proto punk band that set ideals was a band called The New York Dolls. This band was â€Å"known for manic screaming of lyrics, a foreshadowing of a similar trend in punk to follow. †(Bartelt). These bands were really two of the most primary group of musicians to begin to take a leap of faith and stop theming their music on romance. Following the New York City proto-punk scene, began a new sub genre many presently refer to as â€Å"Classic Punk. † The movement began to take place across the pond, in London, England. After the scene took root in NYC, a band called The Sex Pistols emerged from the UK. The band was formed by a man named Malcolm McLaren, who was the previous band manager of the NYC band called The New York Dolls. Rolling Stone magazine described McLaren as â€Å"The owner of a London clothes boutique, Sex, which specialized in ‘anti-fashion’. †(Rolling Stone). The Sex Pistols were not liked and first, and the plug was often pulled 10 minutes into their shows due to crowd distaste. However, the Sex Pistols later began to rise up and inspired the formation of many Classic Punk. Shortly thereafter a band called The Clash was formed and people all around the world went crazy for them. The clash began to change the premise of Punk by combining multiple genres in one. Their music was hard-charging and roots-based but also future-visionary; their experiments with funk, reggae, and rap never took them far from a three-minute pop song. † (Rolling Stone). They began the idea of expanding the values of punk through different audio mediums. This is important to the forming of all of today’s punk genres. When the 80s came about, a new form of punk emerged known as post punk. Examples of ands that dominated this genre were: The Cure, The Smiths, Joy Division, etc. Emerging from the 70s punk scene post-punk was very much different from previous punk rock. For example, The classic 60s Rock n Roll guitar sound was replaced with synth riffs. A way to describe Post Punk would be a dreary sound mixed with depressing and often gruesome lyrics. â€Å"Postpunks first contribution to pop was its refusal to hew to the old guitar-based formulas of rock n roll. The 80s synth sound comes out of post-punk, as does an angular, choppy, anti-blues style of guitar-playing that now dominates rock n roll. (Metcalf). The Post Punk genre not only changed the game for what Punk could possibly sound like, but it also revolutionized the sound of Pop in the 80s. .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .postImageUrl , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:hover , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:visited , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:active { border:0!important; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:active , .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58 .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07782290d257f0bf48aabd8db64d4a58:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Brain on Music EssayBy the late 80s punk began to show its face in a new genre many call pop punk. As Punk began to grow more fast paced in the late 80s and early 90s, bands like Bad Religion and The Descendents began to establish a name for themselves. These bands were often called â€Å"hardcore† due to the often fast paced drums and speedy guitar riffs that are most familiar to us today. The shows were often occupied by teenage skateboarders who reeked havoc by pushing and shoving to the music, this is commonly known as â€Å"Moshing†. The idea of punk began to change to more popular themes such as hating parents, school, peers, and was a way for many outcasts to feel welcome and wanted. However many ideals were continued such as the use of irony and the questioning of authority. In 1989, a band called Sweet Children emerged, (later known as Green Day). Green Day played a huge role in making pop punk famous, as it was often played on the radio and also had their music videos played on MTV. Pop Punk still exists today and it is one of the most dominant kinds of punk in today’s society. Overall, Punk rock has a rich history of spreading throughout the world and eventually assimilated into different sub-genres such as: Proto Punk, Classic punk, Post punk, Pop Punk, etc. The list of different genres goes on for ages and the legacy of punk ideas live on as new genres of punk are being formed everyday. Punk rock is a way to express your opinion through music and a sense of belonging even if you believes you never would fit in anywhere. Bibliography: B, Kay. History of Pop-Punk Music with Timeline. HubPages. HubPages, 27 Oct. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. Bartelt, Megan. No Future Weblog post. No Future N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. Cooper, Ryan. A Timeline of Punk History Late 80s to Present Day. About. About.com, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. Metcalf, Stephen. The Messy History of Postpunk. Slate. The Slate Group, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. Rolling Stone. The Velvet Underground. Rolling Stone. Rolling Stone, 2001. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.

Health And Safety Issues Of Immersive Virtual Reality Technologies Essay Example

Health And Safety Issues Of Immersive Virtual Reality Technologies Paper Gupta, Wantland and Klien (1996) propose that many of the peripheral equipments used in VR are possible fomites. A fomite is a safe object that is capable to harbour pathogenic organisms and as such, may work as an agent for the transmission of infectivity. They then propose that airborne pathogens and skin flora flourish in atmospheres as similar to those of HMDs and hand controller devices. An added thought at this point is that HMDs are frequently of enclosed design and produce a substantial heat in powering the displays. This can regularly lead to some sweating for the user particularly if the immersive task needs a definite amount of physical activity. Immersion Injuries Both Gupta et al. (1996) and Viirre (1993) propose that there may also be a chance of injury while the user is using a fully immersive HMD. As Viirre proposes, when a user is using an HMD, they are operationally blind in actual terms. This can cause problems due to conflict with real world objects or probably the VR system cabling and even if the user has some external vision, the forceful immersive scene may divert attention from the real world. Additional, many HMDs also offer sound cues for the user that effectively reduce aural stimulation from the real world. Physiological Physiological problems are probably the most well documented and at present, well researched sickness problem recently credited to VR systems. In fact some accounted physiological side-effects such as simulator sickness have been studied for some time. Of the probable physiological side-effects, visual symptoms and motion sickness type symptoms emerge to cause the most concern. As a result, majority of the studies into physiological results has been focussed in these areas. Visual Issues The visual presentation of the virtual atmosphere is very significant. The processing and organisation of visual input engages the use of a larger portion of the brain than for any other sense. North (1993) approximated that for a complicated task such as driving, 90 per cent of the received information is visual. It is therefore not astonishing that producers go to great lengths to offer a compelling visual atmosphere. As proposed however, stereoscopic semi-immersive systems may have added side-effects. One of the prime causes for the origin of side-effects is proposed to be the dissociation of accommodation and union in the visual system. Indication of Near Market Development In 1993, Mon-Williams, Wann and Rushton accounted physiological symptoms in many subjects pursued by immersion in an HMD. Of the 20 subjects who contributed in their experiment, 12 complained of symptoms such as headache, eyestrain and nausea and 4 displayed a transient decrease in binocular visual acuity. The subjects also displayed symptoms of binocular stress that included modifications in heterophoria and an increment in near point of junction. Mon-Williams and Pascal (1995) proposed that these symptoms of visual/binocular stress were connected, not only to poor image quality and close working distance of the screens, but more primarily with the inconsistency between space and convergence requirement when using a stereoscopic HMD. This problem will take place in any stereoscopic system where the main image is shaped on a flat screen and stereo images are presented by demonstrating slightly dissimilar images to each eye. In the natural atmosphere, focus and union are essentially connected. If one accommodates (focuses) on a near object, the eyes will automatically unite. Likewise, if focus is transformed to a distant object, the eyes will mechanically deviate slightly (see Figure 1). Using stereoscopic display devices such as shutter glasses or HMDs, this will not happen. In this situation, the focal demand is always invariable but the convergence demand modifies as the user regards objects at different geometric depths in the virtual world. This accommodation/ convergence is not a natural occurrence and has been said to result in visual stress. Probable Health Benefits Mutually Howarth (1994) and Wilson (1996) point out that in addition to looking for problems; it is significant to make out that VR methods may also attest helpful in various applications. Recently there is much investigation work being carried out in the VR field that will be of benefit to users. In terms of physical issues, more usual interface methods may reduce static posture problems, the use of LCD displays may minimise vision problems associated with CRT displays and physical loads associated with keying (Wilson, 1996). VR also presents a much improved method for health and safety training, even though as Howarth (1994) proposes, this function is largely concealed. VR methods can be used in ergonomic assessment of workspace plan, for fast prototyping of control interfaces, for the simulation of probably dangerous surroundings such as nuclear plant maintenance and in education and training of users in parts such a s the maintenance of complicated machinery. As Howarth says, the fact that the use of VR has helped an operator avoid an accident or react correctly in the event of a crisis is largely unseen. VR also has numerous applications that can be directly linked to healthcare. In a white paper on the usage of Virtual Surroundings for Health Care, Moline (1995) shows numerous parts where patient care can be assisted by VR methods. These include:  · The use of VR for remote telesurgery.  · VR methods used in local surgery such as endoscopy, where the surgeon manipulates instruments by viewing a TV monitor.  · VEs used as surgical simulators or trainers.  · VEs used as therapy devices to reduce anxiety or fear. One example is dentists using 3D eyeglasses to divert a patients attentiveness during dental operations  · VEs are also being used to reduce phobias such as agoraphobia and vertigo. North, North and Coble (1996) present an indication of existing work in the use of VR methods t o decrease phobias in their book VR Therapy. Conclusion Investigation into the side effects of VR use is a complicated and difficult business and it is clear that concerns do remain about the outcomes of using such systems. Educational investigation does show that some indications happen whilst using VR tools and that these outcomes (such as nausea) can be quite incapacitating in the interim. Whether or not there is a lasting outcome is difficult to find out, partly because of the fact that VR methods are comparatively new and are constantly evolving. References Bolas, M.T. (1994). Human elements in the design of an immersive system. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 14, pp 55-59. Cobb, S.V.G., Nichols, S.C. and Wilson, J.R. (1995). Health and Safety Implications of Virtual Reality: In Search of an Experimental Methodology. Proceedings of FIVE ‘95 Conference. London, Dec. 1995. Costello, P.J. and Howarth, P.A. (1996a). Visual issues in virtual atmospheres – Part 1. Optometry Today, March 11 1996 pgs 34-36. Costello, P.J. and Howarth, P.A. (1996b). Visual issues in virtual atmospheres – Part 2. Optometry Today, April 8 1996 pgs 38-40. Costello, P.J. and Howarth, P.A. (1996c). The visual results of immersion in four virtual atmospheres. VISERG Internal Report 9604. Dain, S.J., A.K. McCarthy, and T. Chan-Ling. (1988). Symptoms in VDU Operators. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 65(3): 162-167. Daum, K.M., G. Good, and L. Tijerina. (1988). Symptoms in Video Display Terminal Fatigue in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Work. Acta Ophthalmologica, Supplement 185:175-176. Delaney, B. (1996). Drivers in Virtual Rigs. Cyberedge Journal Vol. 6, No. 6, Nov/Dec, pp 1, 4. Grandjean, E. (1987). Ergonomics in computerised offices. London, Taylor and Francis. Operators and the Presence of Small Refractive Errors. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 59(9): 691-697. Gupta, S.C., Wantland, C.A. and Klein, S.A. (1996). Cybe rpathology: Medical Concerns of VR Applications. Journal of Medicine and Virtual Reality 1996: 1 (2) 8-11. Havron, M. and Butler, L. (1957). Evaluation of training efficientness of the 2FH2 helicopter flight trainer research tool. Naval Training Device Centre, Port Washington, New York, NAVTRADEVCEN 1915-00-1. Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations. (1992). No. 2792. London, HMSO. Howarth, P.A. (1994). Virtual Reality: an occupational health hazard of the future? Presented at RCN Occupational Nurses Forum, Glasgow, Scotland, â€Å"Working for Health†, 22 April 1994. Howarth, P.A. (1996) Empirical Studies of Accommodation, Convergence, and HMD Use. Proceedings of the Hoso-Bunka Foundation Symposium, Tokyo, December 3 1996 Howarth, P.A. (1996). Virtual Reality (VR) Spans the Atlantic. Optometry Today, June 3 1996 pgs 37-38. Howarth, P.A. (1997). Oculomotor Changes within Virtual Atmospheres. In Press. Howarth, P.A. and Costello, P.J. (1996). Visual Results of Immersion in Virtual Atmospheres: Interim Results from the UK Health and Safety Executive Study, Presented at the Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, Howarth, P.A. and Costello, P.J. (1997). The Occurrence of Virtual Simulation Sickness Symptoms when an HMD was used as a Personal Viewing System. Accepted for publication in Displays.. Howarth, P.A. and Istance, H.O. (1985). The association between visual discomfort and the use of visual display units. Behaviour and Information Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp 131-149. Howarth, P.A. and Istance, H.O. (1986). The validity of subjective reports of visual discomfort. Human Elements 28(3) pgs 347-352. Kalawsky, R.S. (1996). Exploiting Virtual Reality Techniques in Education and Training: Technological Issues. SIMA Report Series ISSN 1356-5370. Kellogg, R.S., Castore, C. and Coward, R. (1980). Psychological results of training in a full vision simulator. Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Associ ation. California, May 12-17, pgs 885-888. Kennedy, R.S. and Frank, L.H. (1985). A review of motion sickness with special reference to simulator sickness. (AD-A155 975), p.45. Canyon Research Group, Inc., Westlake Village, CA, 15th Apr. Kennedy, R.S., Berbauum, K.S., Lilienthal, M.G., Dunlap, W.P., Mulligan, B.F. and Funaro, J.F. (1987). Guidelines for alleviation of simulator sickness symptomatology. (NAVTRASYSCEN TR-87007) (AD-A182 554), p.68, March. Kolasinski, E.M. (1995). Simulator Sickness in Virtual Atmospheres. U.S. Army Research Institute, Technical Report 1027. Leuder, R. (1986). Work station design. In R. Leuder (ed.), The ergonomics payoff: Designing the electronic office. Toronto, Ont., Canada: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Maddox, E.E. (1893). The Clinical Use of Prisms; and the Decentring of Lenses. John Wright and Sons, Bristol, England. McCauley, M.E. and Sharkey, T.J. (1991). Cybersickness: Perception of Self-Motion in Virtual Atmospheres. Presence, 1, pp 311-317. Mo line, J. (1995). Virtual Atmospheres for Health Care. White Paper for the Advanced Technology Program (ATP). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Mon-Williams, M. and Pascal, E. (1995). Virtual Reality Displays, Implications for Optometrists. Optometry Today, Jan. 30th, pp 30-33. Mon-Williams, M., Wann, J.P. and Rushton, S. (1993). Binocular Vision in a Virtual World: Visual Deficits Following the Wearing of a Head-Mounted Display. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 13th Oct, pp 387-391. National Research Council. (1983). Visual Display, Work and Vision. National Academy Press. North, M., North, S. and Coble, J. (1996). Virtual Reality Therapy. IPI Press, Colorado Springs, CO, USA. North, R. (1993). Work and the Eye. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Pausch, R., Crea, T. and Conway, M. (1992). A Literature Survey for Virtual Atmospheres: Military Flight Simulator Visual Systems and Simulator Sickness. Presence, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp 344-363. Peli, E. (1995). Real vision and virtual reality. Optics and Photonics News, July, pp 28-34. Peli, E. (1996). Health and Safety Issues with Head Mounted Displays (HMD). Proceedings of the Hoso-Bunka Foundation Symposium, Tokyo, December 3, 1996. Pickwell, D., Jenkins, T. and Yekta, A.A. (1987). The result on fixation disparity and associated heterophoria of reading at an abnormally close distance. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp 345-347. Regan, E. and Price, K. (1993a). Some side-effects of Immersion Virtual Reality. APRE Report 93R010. Regan, E. and Price, K. (1993b). Some side-effects of Immersion Virtual Reality: An Investigation Into the Relationship between Inter-Pupillary Distance and Ocular Related Problems. APRE Report 93R023. Riva, G. (1996). But, Look at it This Way. Cyberedge Journal Vol. 6, No. 6, Nov/Dec, pp 10-11. Robinett, W. and Rolland, J.P. (1992). A Computational Model for the Stereoscopic Optics of a Head-Mounted Display. Presence 1, pp45-61. Schor, C.M. (1986). The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture: Adaptive Regulation of Accommodative Vergence and Vergence Accommodation. American Journal of Optometry and Physio. Optics, 63, pp 587-609. Sethi, B. (1986). Vergence Adaptation: A Review. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 63, pp 247-263. Sheehy, J.B. and Wilkinson, M. (1989). Depth Perception after Prolonged Usage of Night Vision Goggles. Aviation, Space and Environ. Med., June, pp573-579. Shen, C.S., S.B. Chiu, A.H. Wang, and L.S. Ko. (1988). Accommodation and Visual Shotton, M.A. (1989). Computer Addiction? A Study of Computer Dependency. Taylor and Francis. So, R.H.Y. (1994). An investigation of the results of lags on motion sickness with a Head-Coupled Visual Display. In: Proceedings of the UK Informal Group Meeting on Human Response to Vibration. Alverstaoke, Gosport, Hants. 19-21 Sept. Viirre, E. (1994). A Survey of Medical Issues and Virtual Reality Technology. Virtual Reality World, August, pp 16-24. Wilson, J.R. (1996). Results of participating in virtual at mospheres: A review of current knowledge. Safety Science, Vol. 23, No.1, pp 39-51. Wilson, J.R., Nichols, S.C. and Ramsey, A. (1995). Virtual Reality Health and Safety: Facts, Speculation and Myths. VR News, Vol. 4, Issue. 9, pp 20-24. Youngblut, C., Johnson, R.E., Nash, S.H., Wienclaw, R.A. and Will, C.A. (1996). Review of Virtual Atmosphere Interface Technology, Institute for Defence Analyses (IDA), Paper P-3186.

Creativity Solves The Problems †Creative Writing Journal Entry 1

Creativity Solves The Problems – Creative Writing Journal Entry 1 Free Online Research Papers Creativity Solves The Problems Creative Writing Journal Entry 1 1. On the first question, she answered that she would be holding a white pebble while she is putting her hand inside the bag to choose one pebble, and would take it out after several moments, pretending that she had picked the white pebble. This is a possible solution to the problem, but also a rather dangerous one, as the merchant might notice the trick while she is still holding the white pebble in her hand and cancel the offer of withdrawing her fathers debt. While solving this, Maya didnt think for too long. After I repeated the question for the second time, she had already come up with the answer. 2. She didnt offer an answer to this question. The process of recombination took her more than 5 minutes, after which she rejected to continue thinking about the problem. 3. Again, she wasnt able to respond to this problem either. She kept on connecting the dots with five straight lines, but didnt stop trying and asked me to hide the answer from her, as she wanted to come to it by herself. I left her to practice the different combinations 4. Maya found this problem rather bizarre. According to her, the fact that the number of times for the boat to cross the river was not limited, it was very easy to respond to the question. She said that the kids would get off the boat, and the soldiers will, one by one, get on it. Then the children could continue with their play. However, she disregarded the fact that after the last soldiers gets to the other side, the boat will stay on his side, and the kids on the other one. 5. This was probably the most difficult problem for Maya. After a short period of time she became very inpatient and started to ask me about the answers right after I had posed the question. Her answers went in this order: brown; candle; empty; ghost; clock; honey; old man; poker; murder; artist; tsunami; hand; safe; summer; sword; prison; talk; dog; Christmas; interview. Apparently, she didnt get none of them correct. *Alex (creativity/solved most of the problems) 1. Alexs answer to the first question was identical to the one offered in the book. I was surprised by how fast he came to the answer, and he said that he hadnt heard of the problem before. 2. In order to place a burning candle vertically on the wall, Alex said that first he would place it inside the box of the candles and then light it and move the box next to a wall. In that way the candle would be burning in a vertical position and would still be touching the wall. It took him more than 5 minutes to come to this solution and he offered several very illogical solutions in between. 3. Alex connected the nine dots after a minute. He said he had done this before, and needed a minute to recollect the memory. He was very satisfied when the answer came to him. 4. The problem with the soldiers and the boat with the two children was the most time-consuming from all. It took him around fifteen minutes to come to the right solution. He suggested that one of the boys gets off on the other side and the other boy gets off at the side where the soldiers are. Then, the soldier would pass the river. After that, the boy thats on the other side would come and take the one that stayed with the soldiers and leave it on the side where theres only one soldier. Then he would get off on the side with the seven soldiers, and another soldier would get in the boat. etc. 5. Alex missed almost all of the answers on this exercise. This is what he answered: water; winter; Sisyphus; boxing; waiting; Ireland; England; hidden ace; paper; polish; flood; posh; photograph; sun; surprise; bell; Johnny; rabbit; jewelry; boring. He thought that the exercise was extremely culturally biased and that he didnt feel guilty for having given so many wrong answers. Research Papers on Creativity Solves The Problems - Creative Writing Journal Entry 1Mind TravelThe Hockey GameThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Spring and AutumnBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationEffects of Television Violence on Children

Khomeini vs. the International Community Research Paper

Khomeini vs. the International Community - Research Paper Example The consequences and the overall aftermath of the crisis shall be evaluated. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear understanding of the US-Iran relations, especially during Khomeini rule and after the Iran hostage crisis. Iranian Revolution The Iranian revolution involves the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Demonstrations and protests were started in October 1977 mostly against what was viewed by the people as the oppressive and corrupt regime of Pahlavi (Kurzman, 2004). These protests escalated into a widespread civil disturbance leading into January 1978. These strikes severely compromised the stability of the country and culminated in the exile of Pahlavi by January of 1979 (Kurzman, 2004). Two weeks later, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran and the regime of Pahlavi collapsed a month after Khomeini’s return. After a few months, a referendum was held and resulted in the establishment of the Islamic Rep ublic under Khomeini’s Supreme Leadership (Kurzman, 2004). ...His ideas, however, were largely objected to by the international community, especially in the face of human rights violations and other actions which were against international human rights and related laws. Khomeini was in exile before the revolution broke out, and when he finally returned to Iran, it was to a victorious revolution and to the highest political seat in Iran. He was lauded as a political and religious leader. Even if he was not involved directly in the revolution, he was a major part of it (Moin, 2000). His letters and messages spurred the revolutionary ideals of the Iranians who were not faring well under American-supported Shah Pavlavi. Khomeini, in other words, represented a leader for Iran who was committed to the revolutionary ideas, which the people were clamoring for (Chauvel, 1979). Hostage crisis background Before the US-supported Shah of Iran was deposed in 1979, Iran relations and the US were more or less diplomatic (Christopher and Mosk, 2007). At that point, the US considered itself an ally of Iran and the Shah. President Carter was especially expressive of his support for the Shah, even if in actuality, the latter was highly disfavored by the people (Scott, 2000). The revolution by the people against the Shah eventually led to the unseating of the Shah. The US persisted in its support for Shah Pavlavi by allowing him entry into the US for cancer treatment. However this backfired on the U.S. at it led to strong anti-American sentiments from the people of Iran who wanted the Shah to be returned to their country to face trial for his crimes against his people (Scott, 2000).